1 | /* |
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2 | * vsnprintf.c |
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3 | * |
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4 | * vsnprintf(), from which the rest of the printf() |
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5 | * family is built |
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6 | */ |
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7 | |
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8 | #include <stdarg.h> |
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9 | #include <stddef.h> |
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10 | #include <inttypes.h> |
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11 | #include <string.h> |
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12 | #include <limits.h> |
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13 | #include <stdio.h> |
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14 | |
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15 | enum flags { |
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16 | FL_ZERO = 0x01, /* Zero modifier */ |
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17 | FL_MINUS = 0x02, /* Minus modifier */ |
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18 | FL_PLUS = 0x04, /* Plus modifier */ |
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19 | FL_TICK = 0x08, /* ' modifier */ |
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20 | FL_SPACE = 0x10, /* Space modifier */ |
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21 | FL_HASH = 0x20, /* # modifier */ |
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22 | FL_SIGNED = 0x40, /* Number is signed */ |
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23 | FL_UPPER = 0x80 /* Upper case digits */ |
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24 | }; |
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25 | |
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26 | /* These may have to be adjusted on certain implementations */ |
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27 | enum ranks { |
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28 | rank_char = -2, |
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29 | rank_short = -1, |
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30 | rank_int = 0, |
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31 | rank_long = 1, |
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32 | rank_longlong = 2 |
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33 | }; |
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34 | |
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35 | #define MIN_RANK rank_char |
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36 | #define MAX_RANK rank_longlong |
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37 | |
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38 | #define INTMAX_RANK rank_longlong |
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39 | #define SIZE_T_RANK rank_long |
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40 | #define PTRDIFF_T_RANK rank_long |
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41 | |
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42 | #define EMIT(x) ({ if (o<n){*q++ = (x);} o++; }) |
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43 | |
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44 | static size_t |
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45 | format_int(char *q, size_t n, uintmax_t val, enum flags flags, |
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46 | int base, int width, int prec) |
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47 | { |
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48 | char *qq; |
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49 | size_t o = 0, oo; |
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50 | static const char lcdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef"; |
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51 | static const char ucdigits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; |
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52 | const char *digits; |
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53 | uintmax_t tmpval; |
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54 | int minus = 0; |
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55 | int ndigits = 0, nchars; |
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56 | int tickskip, b4tick; |
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57 | |
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58 | /* Select type of digits */ |
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59 | digits = (flags & FL_UPPER) ? ucdigits : lcdigits; |
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60 | |
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61 | /* If signed, separate out the minus */ |
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62 | if (flags & FL_SIGNED && (intmax_t) val < 0) { |
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63 | minus = 1; |
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64 | val = (uintmax_t) (-(intmax_t) val); |
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65 | } |
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66 | |
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67 | /* Count the number of digits needed. This returns zero for 0. */ |
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68 | tmpval = val; |
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69 | while (tmpval) { |
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70 | tmpval /= base; |
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71 | ndigits++; |
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72 | } |
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73 | |
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74 | /* Adjust ndigits for size of output */ |
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75 | |
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76 | if (flags & FL_HASH && base == 8) { |
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77 | if (prec < ndigits + 1) |
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78 | prec = ndigits + 1; |
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79 | } |
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80 | |
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81 | if (ndigits < prec) { |
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82 | ndigits = prec; /* Mandatory number padding */ |
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83 | } else if (val == 0) { |
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84 | ndigits = 1; /* Zero still requires space */ |
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85 | } |
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86 | |
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87 | /* For ', figure out what the skip should be */ |
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88 | if (flags & FL_TICK) { |
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89 | tickskip = (base == 16) ? 4 : 3; |
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90 | } else { |
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91 | tickskip = ndigits; /* No tick marks */ |
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92 | } |
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93 | |
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94 | /* Tick marks aren't digits, but generated by the number converter */ |
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95 | ndigits += (ndigits - 1) / tickskip; |
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96 | |
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97 | /* Now compute the number of nondigits */ |
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98 | nchars = ndigits; |
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99 | |
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100 | if (minus || (flags & (FL_PLUS | FL_SPACE))) |
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101 | nchars++; /* Need space for sign */ |
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102 | if ((flags & FL_HASH) && base == 16) { |
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103 | nchars += 2; /* Add 0x for hex */ |
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104 | } |
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105 | |
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106 | /* Emit early space padding */ |
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107 | if (!(flags & (FL_MINUS | FL_ZERO)) && width > nchars) { |
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108 | while (width > nchars) { |
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109 | EMIT(' '); |
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110 | width--; |
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111 | } |
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112 | } |
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113 | |
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114 | /* Emit nondigits */ |
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115 | if (minus) |
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116 | EMIT('-'); |
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117 | else if (flags & FL_PLUS) |
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118 | EMIT('+'); |
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119 | else if (flags & FL_SPACE) |
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120 | EMIT(' '); |
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121 | |
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122 | if ((flags & FL_HASH) && base == 16) { |
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123 | EMIT('0'); |
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124 | EMIT((flags & FL_UPPER) ? 'X' : 'x'); |
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125 | } |
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126 | |
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127 | /* Emit zero padding */ |
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128 | if ((flags & (FL_MINUS | FL_ZERO)) == FL_ZERO && width > ndigits) { |
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129 | while (width > nchars) { |
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130 | EMIT('0'); |
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131 | width--; |
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132 | } |
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133 | } |
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134 | |
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135 | /* Generate the number. This is done from right to left. */ |
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136 | q += ndigits; /* Advance the pointer to end of number */ |
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137 | o += ndigits; |
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138 | qq = q; |
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139 | oo = o; /* Temporary values */ |
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140 | |
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141 | b4tick = tickskip; |
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142 | while (ndigits > 0) { |
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143 | if (!b4tick--) { |
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144 | qq--; |
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145 | oo--; |
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146 | ndigits--; |
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147 | if (oo < n) |
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148 | *qq = '_'; |
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149 | b4tick = tickskip - 1; |
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150 | } |
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151 | qq--; |
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152 | oo--; |
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153 | ndigits--; |
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154 | if (oo < n) |
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155 | *qq = digits[val % base]; |
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156 | val /= base; |
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157 | } |
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158 | |
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159 | /* Emit late space padding */ |
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160 | while ((flags & FL_MINUS) && width > nchars) { |
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161 | EMIT(' '); |
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162 | width--; |
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163 | } |
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164 | |
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165 | return o; |
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166 | } |
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167 | |
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168 | int vsnprintf(char *buffer, size_t n, const char *format, va_list ap) |
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169 | { |
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170 | const char *p = format; |
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171 | char ch; |
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172 | char *q = buffer; |
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173 | size_t o = 0; /* Number of characters output */ |
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174 | uintmax_t val = 0; |
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175 | int rank = rank_int; /* Default rank */ |
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176 | int width = 0; |
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177 | int prec = -1; |
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178 | int base; |
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179 | size_t sz; |
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180 | enum flags flags = 0; |
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181 | enum { |
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182 | st_normal, /* Ground state */ |
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183 | st_flags, /* Special flags */ |
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184 | st_width, /* Field width */ |
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185 | st_prec, /* Field precision */ |
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186 | st_modifiers /* Length or conversion modifiers */ |
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187 | } state = st_normal; |
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188 | const char *sarg; /* %s string argument */ |
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189 | char carg; /* %c char argument */ |
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190 | int slen; /* String length */ |
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191 | |
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192 | while ((ch = *p++)) { |
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193 | switch (state) { |
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194 | case st_normal: |
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195 | if (ch == '%') { |
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196 | state = st_flags; |
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197 | flags = 0; |
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198 | rank = rank_int; |
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199 | width = 0; |
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200 | prec = -1; |
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201 | } else { |
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202 | EMIT(ch); |
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203 | } |
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204 | break; |
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205 | |
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206 | case st_flags: |
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207 | switch (ch) { |
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208 | case '-': |
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209 | flags |= FL_MINUS; |
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210 | break; |
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211 | case '+': |
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212 | flags |= FL_PLUS; |
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213 | break; |
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214 | case '\'': |
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215 | flags |= FL_TICK; |
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216 | break; |
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217 | case ' ': |
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218 | flags |= FL_SPACE; |
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219 | break; |
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220 | case '#': |
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221 | flags |= FL_HASH; |
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222 | break; |
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223 | case '0': |
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224 | flags |= FL_ZERO; |
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225 | break; |
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226 | default: |
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227 | state = st_width; |
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228 | p--; /* Process this character again */ |
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229 | break; |
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230 | } |
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231 | break; |
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232 | |
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233 | case st_width: |
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234 | if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { |
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235 | width = width * 10 + (ch - '0'); |
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236 | } else if (ch == '*') { |
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237 | width = va_arg(ap, int); |
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238 | if (width < 0) { |
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239 | width = -width; |
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240 | flags |= FL_MINUS; |
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241 | } |
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242 | } else if (ch == '.') { |
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243 | prec = 0; /* Precision given */ |
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244 | state = st_prec; |
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245 | } else { |
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246 | state = st_modifiers; |
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247 | p--; /* Process this character again */ |
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248 | } |
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249 | break; |
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250 | |
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251 | case st_prec: |
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252 | if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') { |
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253 | prec = prec * 10 + (ch - '0'); |
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254 | } else if (ch == '*') { |
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255 | prec = va_arg(ap, int); |
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256 | if (prec < 0) |
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257 | prec = -1; |
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258 | } else { |
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259 | state = st_modifiers; |
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260 | p--; /* Process this character again */ |
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261 | } |
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262 | break; |
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263 | |
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264 | case st_modifiers: |
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265 | switch (ch) { |
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266 | /* Length modifiers - nonterminal sequences */ |
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267 | case 'h': |
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268 | rank--; /* Shorter rank */ |
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269 | break; |
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270 | case 'l': |
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271 | rank++; /* Longer rank */ |
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272 | break; |
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273 | case 'j': |
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274 | rank = INTMAX_RANK; |
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275 | break; |
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276 | case 'z': |
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277 | rank = SIZE_T_RANK; |
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278 | break; |
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279 | case 't': |
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280 | rank = PTRDIFF_T_RANK; |
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281 | break; |
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282 | case 'L': |
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283 | case 'q': |
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284 | rank += 2; |
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285 | break; |
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286 | default: |
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287 | /* Output modifiers - terminal sequences */ |
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288 | state = st_normal; /* Next state will be normal */ |
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289 | if (rank < MIN_RANK) /* Canonicalize rank */ |
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290 | rank = MIN_RANK; |
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291 | else if (rank > MAX_RANK) |
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292 | rank = MAX_RANK; |
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293 | |
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294 | switch (ch) { |
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295 | case 'P': /* Upper case pointer */ |
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296 | flags |= FL_UPPER; |
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297 | /* fall through */ |
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298 | case 'p': /* Pointer */ |
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299 | base = 16; |
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300 | prec = (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(void *) + 3) / 4; |
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301 | flags |= FL_HASH; |
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302 | val = (uintmax_t) (uintptr_t) va_arg(ap, void *); |
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303 | goto is_integer; |
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304 | |
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305 | case 'd': /* Signed decimal output */ |
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306 | case 'i': |
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307 | base = 10; |
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308 | flags |= FL_SIGNED; |
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309 | switch (rank) { |
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310 | case rank_char: |
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311 | /* Yes, all these casts are needed... */ |
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312 | val = |
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313 | (uintmax_t) (intmax_t) (signed char)va_arg(ap, |
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314 | signed |
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315 | int); |
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316 | break; |
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317 | case rank_short: |
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318 | val = |
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319 | (uintmax_t) (intmax_t) (signed short)va_arg(ap, |
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320 | signed |
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321 | int); |
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322 | break; |
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323 | case rank_int: |
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324 | val = (uintmax_t) (intmax_t) va_arg(ap, signed int); |
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325 | break; |
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326 | case rank_long: |
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327 | val = (uintmax_t) (intmax_t) va_arg(ap, signed long); |
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328 | break; |
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329 | case rank_longlong: |
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330 | val = |
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331 | (uintmax_t) (intmax_t) va_arg(ap, signed long long); |
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332 | break; |
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333 | } |
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334 | goto is_integer; |
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335 | case 'o': /* Octal */ |
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336 | base = 8; |
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337 | goto is_unsigned; |
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338 | case 'u': /* Unsigned decimal */ |
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339 | base = 10; |
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340 | goto is_unsigned; |
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341 | case 'X': /* Upper case hexadecimal */ |
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342 | flags |= FL_UPPER; |
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343 | /* fall through */ |
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344 | case 'x': /* Hexadecimal */ |
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345 | base = 16; |
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346 | goto is_unsigned; |
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347 | |
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348 | is_unsigned: |
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349 | switch (rank) { |
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350 | case rank_char: |
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351 | val = |
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352 | (uintmax_t) (unsigned char)va_arg(ap, unsigned int); |
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353 | break; |
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354 | case rank_short: |
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355 | val = |
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356 | (uintmax_t) (unsigned short)va_arg(ap, |
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357 | unsigned int); |
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358 | break; |
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359 | case rank_int: |
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360 | val = (uintmax_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned int); |
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361 | break; |
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362 | case rank_long: |
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363 | val = (uintmax_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned long); |
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364 | break; |
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365 | case rank_longlong: |
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366 | val = (uintmax_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned long long); |
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367 | break; |
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368 | } |
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369 | /* fall through */ |
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370 | |
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371 | is_integer: |
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372 | sz = format_int(q, (o < n) ? n - o : 0, val, flags, base, |
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373 | width, prec); |
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374 | q += sz; |
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375 | o += sz; |
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376 | break; |
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377 | |
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378 | case 'c': /* Character */ |
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379 | carg = (char)va_arg(ap, int); |
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380 | sarg = &carg; |
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381 | slen = 1; |
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382 | goto is_string; |
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383 | case 's': /* String */ |
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384 | sarg = va_arg(ap, const char *); |
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385 | sarg = sarg ? sarg : "(null)"; |
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386 | slen = strlen(sarg); |
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387 | goto is_string; |
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388 | |
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389 | is_string: |
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390 | { |
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391 | char sch; |
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392 | int i; |
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393 | |
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394 | if (prec != -1 && slen > prec) |
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395 | slen = prec; |
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396 | |
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397 | if (width > slen && !(flags & FL_MINUS)) { |
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398 | char pad = (flags & FL_ZERO) ? '0' : ' '; |
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399 | while (width > slen) { |
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400 | EMIT(pad); |
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401 | width--; |
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402 | } |
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403 | } |
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404 | for (i = slen; i; i--) { |
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405 | sch = *sarg++; |
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406 | EMIT(sch); |
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407 | } |
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408 | if (width > slen && (flags & FL_MINUS)) { |
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409 | while (width > slen) { |
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410 | EMIT(' '); |
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411 | width--; |
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412 | } |
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413 | } |
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414 | } |
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415 | break; |
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416 | |
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417 | case 'n': /* Output the number of characters written */ |
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418 | { |
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419 | switch (rank) { |
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420 | case rank_char: |
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421 | *va_arg(ap, signed char *) = o; |
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422 | break; |
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423 | case rank_short: |
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424 | *va_arg(ap, signed short *) = o; |
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425 | break; |
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426 | case rank_int: |
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427 | *va_arg(ap, signed int *) = o; |
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428 | break; |
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429 | case rank_long: |
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430 | *va_arg(ap, signed long *) = o; |
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431 | break; |
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432 | case rank_longlong: |
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433 | *va_arg(ap, signed long long *) = o; |
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434 | break; |
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435 | } |
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436 | } |
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437 | break; |
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438 | |
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439 | default: /* Anything else, including % */ |
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440 | EMIT(ch); |
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441 | break; |
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442 | } |
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443 | } |
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444 | } |
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445 | } |
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446 | |
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447 | /* Null-terminate the string */ |
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448 | if (o < n) |
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449 | *q = '\0'; /* No overflow */ |
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450 | else if (n > 0) |
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451 | buffer[n - 1] = '\0'; /* Overflow - terminate at end of buffer */ |
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452 | |
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453 | return o; |
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454 | } |
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